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Compare Marshall Islands (2001) - New Zealand (2001)

Compare Marshall Islands (2001) z New Zealand (2001)

 Marshall Islands (2001)New Zealand (2001)
 Marshall IslandsNew Zealand
Administrative divisions 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje 93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri, Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**, Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa, Woodville

note:
there may be a new administrative structure of 16 regions (Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wanganui-Manawatu, Wellington, West Coast) that are subdivided into 57 districts and 16 cities* (Ashburton, Auckland*, Banks Peninsula, Buller, Carterton, Central Hawke's Bay, Central Otago, Christchurch*, Clutha, Dunedin*, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne, Gore, Grey, Hamilton*, Hastings, Hauraki, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt*, Invercargill*, Kaikoura, Kaipara, Kapiti Coast, Kawerau, Mackenzie, Manawatu, Manukau*, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata Piako, Napier*, Nelson*, New Plymouth, North Shore*, Opotiki, Otorohanga, Palmerston North*, Papakura*, Porirua*, Queenstown Lakes, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua, Ruapehu, Selwyn, Southland, South Taranaki, South Waikato, South Wairarapa, Stratford, Tararua, Tasman, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames Coromandel, Timaru, Upper Hutt*, Waikato, Waimakariri, Waimate, Waipa, Wairoa, Waitakere*, Waitaki, Waitomo, Wanganui, Wellington*, Western Bay of Plenty, Westland, Whakatane, Whangarei)
Age structure 0-14 years:
49.29% (male 17,808; female 17,101)

15-64 years:
48.61% (male 17,573; female 16,853)

65 years and over:
2.1% (male 707; female 780) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
22.36% (male 442,738; female 421,462)

15-64 years:
66.11% (male 1,281,781; female 1,272,674)

65 years and over:
11.53% (male 193,895; female 251,579) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coconuts, tomatoes, melons, cacao, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports 16 (2000 est.) 111 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
44

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
12

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total:
67

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
24

under 914 m:
42 (2000 est.)
Area total:
181.3 sq km

land:
181.3 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, and Kwajalein
total:
268,680 sq km

land:
268,670 sq km

water:
10 sq km

note:
includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Area - comparative about the size of Washington, DC about the size of Colorado
Background After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the islands between 1947 and 1962. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand withdrew from a number of defense alliances during the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years the government has sought to address longstanding native Maori grievances.
Birth rate 45.07 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 14.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$80.1 million

expenditures:
$77.4 million, including capital expenditures of $19.5 million (FY95/96 est.)
revenues:
$19.2 billion

expenditures:
$19.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital Majuro Wellington
Climate wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Coastline 370.4 km 15,134 km
Constitution 1 May 1979 consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of the Marshall Islands

conventional short form:
Marshall Islands

former:
Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
New Zealand

abbreviation:
NZ
Currency US dollar (USD) New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate 6.23 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.56 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $125 million (FY96/97 est.) $30.8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Joan M. PLAISTED

embassy:
Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379

telephone:
[692] 247-4011

FAX:
[692] 247-4012
chief of mission:
Ambassador Carol MOSELEY-BRAUN

embassy:
29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001

telephone:
[64] (4) 472-2068

FAX:
[64] (4) 478-1701

consulate(s) general:
Auckland
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Banny DE BRUM

chancery:
2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-5414

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3236

consulate(s) general:
Honolulu
chief of mission:
Ambassador James Brendan BOLGER

chancery:
37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 328-4800

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-5227

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international claims US territory of Wake Island territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $123 million (1995)
Economic aid - recipient approximately $65 million annually from the US -
Economy - overview US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is concentrated on small farms, and the most important commercial crops are coconuts, tomatoes, melons, and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, fish processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US provides roughly $65 million in annual aid. Negotiations were underway in 1999 for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, and the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties caused GDP to fall in 1996-98. Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, moving an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access toward a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes, broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world. Per capita GDP has been moving up toward the levels of the big West European economies. New Zealand's heavy dependence on trade leaves its growth prospects vulnerable to economic performance in Asia, Europe, and the US. With the FY00/01 budget pushing up pension and other public outlays, the government's ability to meet fiscal targets will depend on sustained economic growth.
Electricity - consumption - 35.295 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 37.952 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%
fossil fuel:
30.49%

hydro:
61.42%

nuclear:
0%

other:
8.09% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Cook 3,764 m
Environment - current issues inadequate supplies of potable water deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Micronesian New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
Exchange rates the US dollar is used New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.2502 (January 2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997), 1.4543 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Jim ANDERTON (since 10 December 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general for a three-year term; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports $28 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) $14.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities fish, coconut oil, trochus shells dairy products, meat, fish, wool, forestry products, manufactures
Exports - partners US, Japan, Australia Australia 22%, US 14%, Japan 13%, UK 7% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September 1 July - 30 June
Flag description blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
GDP purchasing power parity - $105 million (1998 est.), supplemented by approximately $65 million annual US aid purchasing power parity - $67.6 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
15%

industry:
13%

services:
72% (1995)
agriculture:
8%

industry:
23%

services:
69% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,670 (1998 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -5% (1998 est.) 3.6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 9 00 N, 168 00 E 41 00 S, 174 00 E
Geography - note two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
Highways total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km

note:
paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks
total:
92,200 km

paved:
53,568 km (including at least 144 km of expressways)

unpaved:
38,632 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
0.3%

highest 10%:
29.8% (1991 est.)
Imports $58 million (f.o.b., 1997 est.) $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods, plastics
Imports - partners US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Guam, Singapore Australia 24%, US 17%, Japan 12%, UK 4% (1999)
Independence 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship) 26 September 1907 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 6.2% (2000)
Industries copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls, offshore banking (embryonic) food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Infant mortality rate 39.82 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 6.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (1997) 2.4% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 36 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 2,850 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; High Court High Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force NA 1.88 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
60%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
40%
arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
5%

permanent pastures:
50%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
Languages English (universally spoken and is the official language), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese English (official), Maori
Legal system based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA

note:
the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 November 1999 (next must be called by November 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 49, NP 39, Alliance 10, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 7, NZFP 5, UNZ 1

note:
NZLP and Alliance formed the government coalition; the National Party became the opposition party
Life expectancy at birth total population:
65.84 years

male:
64.04 years

female:
67.73 years (2001 est.)
total population:
77.99 years

male:
75.01 years

female:
81.1 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
93%

male:
100%

female:
88% (1980 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99% (1980 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Papua New Guinea Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,768,406 GRT/16,242,699 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 63, cargo 9, chemical tanker 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 29, liquefied gas 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 87, vehicle carrier 1

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Cyprus 1, Germany 1, Japan 1, US 6 (2000 est.)
total:
9 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 72,389 GRT/109,018 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the US -
Military branches no regular military forces (a coast guard may be established); Police Force New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA $883 million (FY97/98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 1.1% (FY97/98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,000,102 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
841,915 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
26,480 (2001 est.)
National holiday Constitution Day, 1 May (1979) Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality noun:
Marshallese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Marshallese
noun:
New Zealander(s)

adjective:
New Zealand
Natural hazards occasional typhoons earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Natural resources phosphate deposits, marine products, deep seabed minerals natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km
Political parties and leaders traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING] ACT, New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [Jim ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Jenny SHIPLEY]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United New Zealand or UNZ [Peter DUNNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 70,822 (July 2001 est.) 3,864,129 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 3.88% (2001 est.) 1.14% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Majuro Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios NA 3.75 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
3,913 km

narrow gauge:
3,913 km 1.067-m gauge (519 km electrified) (1999)
Religions Christian (mostly Protestant) Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
telex services

domestic:
Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein
general assessment:
excellent domestic and international systems

domestic:
NA

international:
submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3,000 (1996) 1.84 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 365 (1996) 588,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 3 (of which two are US military stations) (1997) 41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain low coral limestone and sand islands predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Total fertility rate 6.55 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.8 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 16% (1991 est.) 6.3% (2000 est.)
Waterways none 1,609 km

note:
of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements
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